
Nella mente e nel…fisico del poeta. Saggio psico-antropologico su Giacomo Leopardi
L’indagine su uno dei più grandi scrittori del XIX secolo ha riguardato la ricerca filosofica del pensiero che ha generato il genio leopardiano. Le tematiche affrontate dal poeta di Recanati sono state così inserite nel filone del pessimismo cosmico di cui Leopardi è stato portavoce in più di una delle sue opere.
Mariano Luigi Patrizi invece affronta la questione scegliendo di privilegiare un nuovo punto di vista: quello psicologico e antropologico, accantonando dunque le matrici di stampo più prettamente filosofico e letterario.
L’autore nel Saggio psico-antropologico su Giacomo Leopardi edito nel 1896, di cui in questo libro si offre una selezione dei capitoli più rilevanti, porta alla luce la stretta correlazione tra genio e neuropatia. Intende così dimostrare come l’origine dell’opera leopardiana sia da ricercare nelle cause strettamente legate alle patologie fisiologiche di cui il poeta era affetto.
Leopardi, dice Patrizi, “non è più da considerare come un infelice rachitico, immune da ogni stimmate nervosa, ma come un vero e proprio psicopatico, per degenerazione ereditaria, lipemaniaco e paranoico, con sospetto di epilessia larvata”, arrivando quindi a diagnosticare una forma di nevrastia cerebro-spinale.
In questo modo Patrizi espone il suo ragionamento utilizzando il metodo positivistico e basandosi sulle teorie di Cesare Lombroso, oltre che di Mantegazza, Nordau, Esquirol, Morselli e Marro.
Un’analisi lucida e approfondita dunque, che porta diverse argomentazioni per sostenere il suo pensiero, a partire dall’eredità psicopatica e geniale, la biologia, lo sviluppo, fino all’anatomia, la fisiologia, la patologia e le anomalie di Giacomo Leopardi.
Dall’assunto che le degenerazioni neuropatiche come isterismo, misticismo e follie morali fossero già rintracciabili nelle famiglie degli Antici e dei Leopardi, l’analisi rivolge lo sguardo direttamente alla storia del soggetto stesso. Ne descrive quindi la biologia e lo sviluppo, affermando che il morbo da cui era affetto era già presente in lui, e screditando pertanto le teorie che vedono le fatiche nervose dello studio come causa per spiegare le irregolarità di Leopardi.
L’anima psicologica di questo saggio risiede nell’attenta valutazione fisiologica del soggetto, considerato come affetto da iperestesia soprattutto nei campi degli organi di senso, del sistema nervoso e dei sogni. Leopardi quindi non sarebbe stato cosciente del proprio stato psico-fisiologico, ciò secondo Patrizi sarebbe sinonimo di equivalenza tra genio e follia.
La lettura di questo libro con il commento di Massimo Centini si presenta come un’occasione per avere un nuovo punto di vista nei confronti di un autore a cui si è attribuita una condizione patologica causata dallo “studio matto e disperatissimo”. Con uno sguardo attento alla psiche dell’autore e alla sua storia si tenta di intraprendere una nuova strada verso la scoperta della “vera storia naturale dei geni, da cui i maestri della psichiatria trarranno il giudizio generale e inappellabile”.
Riferimento bibliografico: Mariano Luigi Patrizi, Nella mente e nel…fisico del poeta. Saggio psico-antropologico su Giacomo Leopardi, Torino, Edizioni Yume, 2017. Prezzo: 9€.
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