Berthe Morisot, una pittrice impressionista
In generale, è raro sentir parlare di donne nel panorama artistico, già a partire dai manuali scolastici. Di conseguenza si è portati a pensare che ce ne siano state poche o che non ce ne siano state affatto.
Indagando si scopre che di artiste ne sono esistite eccome, solo che hanno dovuto affrontare grandi difficoltà per potersi esprimere prima e poter emergere poi.
Alla famosissima corrente dell’Impressionismo, per esempio, è stata legata una pittrice di talento immane: Berthe Morisot.
Un’infanzia colorata
Berthe nacque nel 1841 a Bourges, in Francia, in una famiglia benestante e di origini artistiche: la madre era infatti la pronipote di un famoso pittore all’epoca, Jean-Honoré Fragonard. La loro casa era pervasa continuamente da un’atmosfera colta e colorata.
Il padre era un importante funzionario statale e, di conseguenza, gli spostamenti erano frequenti. Nel 1851, la famiglia si trasferì nei pressi di Parigi, a Passy. La giovane crebbe così in uno dei centri artistici più influenti dell’epoca.
In poco tempo capì la sua vocazione da pittrice, ostacolata però dall’impossibilità di studiare in un’Accademia in quanto donna. L’École des beaux-arts era per lei inaccessibile: aprirà le sue porte a tutti indistintamente solo nel 1897 (quando Berthe era già morta da ben due anni!).
Una passione inarrestabile
Né la ragazza né la sua famiglia si arresero. Nello studio di Joseph Guichard venne iniziata al percorso accademico, quindi allo studio dei grandi maestri come Raffaello. Visitava spesso il Louvre per osservare e per apprendere da vicino.
Tuttavia, Berthe iniziava a sentire dentro di sé la necessità di oltrepassare i confini e di colorare fuori dal bordo. Il maestro se ne accorse e la presentò a Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot, il quale la accolse nel suo prestigioso atelier e la iniziò, invece, alla pittura all’aria aperta. Finalmente ebbe l’occasione di rappresentare liberamente luci e colori.
L’incontro con Édouard Manet
In una delle sue visite al Louvre, in un giorno qualunque del 1868, avvenne l’incontro con Edouard Manet che, in poco tempo, portò a una fortissima amicizia. Il famoso pittore la rese infatti protagonista di alcuni suoi dipinti, come il celebre “Il balcone”.
In seguito, i due diventarono cognati in quanto la giovane ne sposò il fratello Eugène. Da questo momento in poi il sodalizio con l’Impressionismo diventò inevitabile: Berthe, per la prima volta, sentì di aver trovato il suo elemento, ciò che più si addiceva alla sua vena artistica. Era felice.
Berthe Morisot, pittrice impressionista
I soggetti dei suoi dipinti oscillano sempre tra scene di vita familiare e domestica e scene paesaggistiche da lei tanto amate. La tecnica subordina le forme ai colori, i quali sono luminosi e spesso delicati. I tocchi col pennello sono leggeri, veloci e ottengono un effetto quasi trasparente. Molti studiosi hanno definito le sue opere come poetiche, dotate di una forte sensibilità.
Gli impressionisti, per la loro voce dal coro, erano mal visti nel panorama culturale dell’epoca e la stessa sorte toccò a lei, ma esacerbata dal fatto di essere donna. Partecipò infatti alle loro mostre suscitando lo sdegno di molti componenti della società. Il suo dipinto più celebre è sicuramente “La culla”, nella quale rappresentò un’emozionante scena familiare: sua sorella dedita a cullare la propria bambina. Ciò che più colpisce è l’uso sapiente del colore, grazie al quale ottiene degli effetti di trasparenza come quello del velo che protegge la nipotina.
L’importanza della famiglia
Berthe amava dipingere, ma la sua passione fu sempre legata all’incoraggiamento e al supporto della sua famiglia; prima quella di origine e poi quella creata dal caro marito e dalla loro figlia. Quando rimase vedova, nel 1892, si allontanò dalla pittura, come se nulla avesse più senso.
Pochi anni dopo, si ammalò gravemente a causa di una congestione polmonare e morì nel 1895. Dedicò tutta la sua vita all’arte, ma nel momento della sua scomparsa pare che ciò venne dimenticato. Sulla sua lapide, ancora oggi, si legge soltanto “Berthe Morisot, vedova di Eugène Manet” e neanche sul certificato di morte venne fatto un cenno alla sua professione.
In ogni caso, essa vive e vivrà per sempre nelle sue opere sparse nelle gallerie di tutto il mondo, insieme alla felicità che la pittura produsse nella sua vita.
Conoscevi Berthe? Non è la sola ad aver lottato per far emergere la sua passione! Molti anni prima, nel lontano Cinquecento, anche un’altra donna dovette combattere per esprimere la sua arte: Artemisia Gentileschi.
Grazie per aver letto l’articolo! Seguici anche sui nostri Social Facebook e Instagram per tante curiosità!
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